Description:

Abutilon incanum is a subshrub or shrub, reaching heights of 0.5 to 1 meter and occasionally up to 2 meters. This plant is distinctively covered with a dense, close, white, or silvery stellulate pubescence, giving it a noticeable texture and appearance. Its leaves are simple and alternate, with cordate-ovate blades ranging from 1 to 6 cm long and can extend up to 10 cm. The leaf apex tends to be acute to acuminate, with the surfaces uniformly covered in dense tomentulose pubescence, making the leaves appear obscured. The leaf margins are serrate to crenate, and the petioles are typically half or more the length of the blades, with stipules usually present. The flowers are solitary or appear in terminal racemes due to the reduction of leaves. The pedicels are filiform, ranging from 1 to 3.5 cm long, and articulate apically. The flowers themselves are bisexual (perfect), with a calyx that is campanulate to cup-shaped, 0.2 to 0.4 cm long and has five lobes that split and reflex in fruit. The corolla is rotated to reflexed, consisting of 5 obovate petals that are white to yellow or pink with maroon veins and a basal spot, measuring 0.4 to 4.6 cm in length. The staminal column formed by the monadelphous stamens is usually shorter than the petals. The fruit is a pale brown schizocarp, cylindrical-truncate in shape, 6-8 mm long, and covered in a grayish to yellowish pubescence. It comprises five narrowly oblong mericarps angled dorso-ventrally, often tardily separating and appearing capsular. Each mericarp usually contains three globose-reniform seeds, approximately 1.8-3 mm long and densely puberulent. It primarily occupies leeward, dry habitats and is found at elevations ranging from 0-220 meters.

Abutilon incanum

Family: Malvaceae

Hawaiian Name: maʻo

 Minimum Length: 1.83 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 2.89 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 1.59 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 1.89 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 1.02 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 3.36 (mg)

 Texture: Puberulent

Geographic Distribution:

 Kahoʻolawe, Kauai, Lanai, Maui, Molokai, Niʻihau, Oahu

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Indigenous
Scarification

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.