


Bonamia menziesii occurs as lianas and less frequently as vines or subshrubs, with twining stems, particularly the lateral branches. Its leaves are simple and alternate, with soft coriaceous, oblong-elliptic to ovate or occasionally orbicular blades, measuring 3–9 cm long and 1–4 cm wide. The leaf apex can be truncate, emarginate, obtuse, or acute, with a usually rounded base. The upper surfaces may be glabrous or possess short tomentulose hairs, while the lower surfaces are densely covered in yellowish-brown tomentose, sometimes glabrous. The margins are entire or occasionally undulate, and the petioles range from 8–25 mm in length without stipules. The flowers are solitary or sometimes in cymes on 1-2 cm long pedicels with two scale-like bracts at the base, are bisexual, actinomorphic (radial symmetry), and 5-merous. The calyx consists of 5 distinct, imbricate, soft coriaceous, persistent sepals, sericeous to glabrous, and the corolla is made up of 5 fused white to greenish white petals, funnelform, with brown hairs in bands. It has five distinct stamens, an ovary that is superior, 2-carpellate, and 2-celled, with styles that are distinct or nearly so to partly connate. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule, usually with 4–8 valves, tan to yellowish brown, and contains one or occasionally two dark brown to black, glabrous seeds, surrounded by black pulp, ovoid, and 6–8 mm long by 4–5 mm wide. The seed coat is hard or soft; the perisperm is thin and transparent; cotyledons are usually foliaceous. This species is found in dry to mesic forests and rarely in wet forests, at elevations ranging from 150–625 meters.
Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.
Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.
Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.
Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.
Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.
Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.
Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.
Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.
Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.
Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.
Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.
Globose: Spherical.
Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.
Ovoid: Egg-shaped.
Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.
Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.
Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.
Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.
Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.
Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.
Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.
Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.
Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.
Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.
Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.