Description:

Clermontia clermontioides subsp. clermontioides is a shrub or tree, 1.5–6.5 m tall, growing terrestrially or epiphytically. Stems are repeatedly branched and spreading, light gray or light brown, glabrous or rarely pubescent, with numerous helically arranged leaf scars near the apex, solid pith, and white, viscous latex. Leaves are simple and alternate, with oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate blades 7–22 cm long and 2–5 cm wide. The apex may be acuminate, acute, obtuse, or cuspidate, and the base is cuneate or attenuate. Upper surfaces are green and glabrous, while lower surfaces are light green and glabrous or pubescent along the veins; the lamina is dull and chartaceous. Margins are callose-crenulate, rarely callose-serrulate. Petioles are 1–6 cm long and glabrous or pubescent; stipules are absent. Flowers are arranged in 2(–4)-flowered inflorescences, sometimes 1-flowered by abortion, with peduncles 2.5–5 cm long and pedicels 2–4 cm long. Flowers are bisexual, epigynous, zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetric), resupinate, and protandrous. The hypanthium is hemispheric or obconic, 1–1.5 cm long and wide, glabrous or pubescent. The calyx is synsepalous, with 5 valvate lobes 0.2–1 cm long, narrowly triangular or triangular, deciduous, and mimicking the corolla in shape, texture, and color. The corolla is bilabiate, green, purple, or white, 4–5 cm long, with a suberect or curved tube 2–2.5 cm long and spreading lobes 2–3 cm long. The 5 stamens are syngenesious, exserted, suberect or gently curved, with white or light purple connate anthers and stiff white trichomes at the apex of the 2 ventral anthers. The ovary is inferior, 2-carpellate and 2-loculed, with axile placentation; the style is slender and cylindrical with a ring of stiff white hairs near the apex, and the 2-lobed stigma becomes receptive after pollen is pushed through the anther tube. Fruits are orange or yellow, subglobose berries, 2–3.6 cm long and wide, with a thick, leathery pericarp, juicy or spongy placentae, and a truncate apex crowned by a low circular rim and style base. Seeds are numerous, tiny, dark brown or black, shiny, and minutely foveate-reticulate, with a straight, short to spatulate embryo embedded in oily endosperm. It occurs in montane rainforests between 670–1,525 meters.

Clermontia clermontioides subsp. clermontioides

Family: Campanulaceae

Hawaiian Name: ‘ōhā, ‘ōhā wai, hāhā

 Minimum Length: 0.85 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 0.95 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 0.50 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 0.70 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 0.070 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 0.135 (mg)

 Texture: TBD

Geographic Distribution:

 Hawaii Island

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Endemic
Intermediate
N/A

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.