Description:

Colubrina asiatica is a species of weakly climbing or scandent shrubs and occasionally trees. The stems can grow 10 cm long, with young branches often exhibiting a zigzag pattern. The leaves are simple and alternate, featuring ovate blades that range from 3.5 to 11.5 cm in length and 1.5 to 7 cm in width. The leaf apex is acuminate, and the base varies from broadly rounded to shallowly cordate. The surfaces of the leaves are glabrous or nearly so, with the lower surfaces sometimes having scattered hairs along the veins. The leaves are thin and glossy, with margins of 15–34 subappressed to rounded serrations, each tooth bearing a minute gland and a dark, deciduous mucro. The flowers are generally found in clusters of about 6 to 10 within short thyrses, with peduncles measuring 2 to 4 mm in length and pedicels that vary in size, elongating to 5 to 15(–20) mm in fruit. The flowers are usually bisexual (perfect), with some upper ones in the thyrse appearing staminate and actinomorphic (radially symmetric). The calyx comprises five deltate sepals, and the corolla consists of five petals, 1.2 to 1.4 mm long. The species has five stamens, with an ovary partly inferior and 3-celled. The fruit is drupaceous, globose, somewhat membranous, and measures approximately 7 to 8 mm long, quickly dehiscing initially loculicidally. The seeds are dull brown, about 4 to 5 mm long, with a thick and bony seed coat. It predominantly occupies coastal lowland and strand habitats, thriving at elevations ranging from 0-100 meters.

Colubrina asiatica

Family: Rhamnaceae

Hawaiian Name: ‘ānapanapa, kauila kukuku

 Minimum Length: 3.98 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 4.98 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 4.15 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 5.03 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 13.56 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 25.28 (mg)

 Texture: Glabrous

Geographic Distribution:

 Kauai, Maui, Molokai, Niʻihau, Oahu

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Indigenous
Scarification
Clip

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.