


Cyanea copelandii subsp. haleakalaensis is a liana-like shrub, typically 0.3–2 meters tall, featuring tan latex. Its stems are sub-herbaceous, either reclining on moss-covered tree trunks and rooting at the nodes or growing epiphytically, with sparse branching from the base. The leaves are simple and alternate, with broadly elliptic blades measuring 10–19 cm in length and 3.5–8.5 cm in width. They have a narrowly acuminate to subcuspidate apex and a cuneate to rounded base, with glabrous upper and pubescent lower surfaces. The leaf margins are callose-denticulate, and the petioles range from 2.5 to 10 cm long. It produces inflorescences of 5–12 flowers in axillary racemes, which can appear sub-umbellate due to the sometimes unexpanded rachis. These inflorescences are pubescent with 20–45 mm peduncles and 4–16 mm pedicels. The hypanthium is obovoid, 6–10 mm long and 5–6 mm wide, and pubescent. The flowers are bisexual (perfect) with a 5-lobed calyx, yellowish corolla that appears pale rose due to dark red pubescence, 37–42 mm long and 4–5 mm wide, with a gently curved tube. The staminal column is glabrous, with anthers that are also glabrous and have apical tufts of white hairs. The ovary is inferior, 2-celled, with axile placentation, and the stigma is 2-lobed. The fruits are dark orange berries, ovoid, and 7–15 mm long, containing numerous small, smooth, shiny brown to black seeds, ca. 0.2–0.5(–2) mm long, with a straight, short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm. It is found in wet forests at elevations of 1,300–1,600 meters,
Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.
Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.
Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.
Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.
Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.
Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.
Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.
Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.
Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.
Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.
Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.
Globose: Spherical.
Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.
Ovoid: Egg-shaped.
Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.
Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.
Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.
Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.
Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.
Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.
Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.
Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.
Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.
Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.
Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.