Description:

Cyrtandra confertiflora is a shrub that grows between 0.8 and 1.5(–2) meters tall. The stems are unbranched or few-branched near the base, rounded to angular, and either pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate. The leaves are simple, opposite, and closely spaced, borne on the upper 3–6 nodes. Leaves of a pair are subequal and symmetrical, with elliptic to elliptic-ovate blades measuring 26–46 cm long and 6.5–16 cm wide. The apex is acute to acuminate, while the base is cuneate. The upper surfaces are glabrate except for the midrib, which is sparsely puberulent, whereas the lower surfaces are glabrate except for the veins, which are sparsely brown pilose. Young leaves are more densely pilose all over and are relatively chartaceous. The margins are coarsely serrate, subentire toward the base, and occasionally only serrulate. The veins are not raised on the lower surface. The petioles measure 3.5–11 cm long and are usually broadly winged, with the base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules are absent. The flowers occur in dense, subcapitate clusters of often compound cymes arising in the leaf axils and are appressed brown pilose throughout, sometimes sparsely. The peduncles are 2–3 mm long, and the pedicels measure 4–14 mm long. The bracts are elliptic and variable in size, measuring 8–20 mm long. They are partly connate or distinct, with some appearing reduced or aborted. A single large bract is sometimes associated with a cyme, and all bracts are usually deciduous after anthesis. The flowers are bisexual (perfect). The calyx is 2–5(6)-lobed, zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetric), and fusiform in bud, tipped by a 3–7 mm long beak. In anthesis, it is pale green and 14–28 mm long, deciduous after anthesis. The tube measures 10–18 mm long, is appressed brown pilose externally, and glabrous within. The upper three calyx lobes are 6–13 mm long, while the lower two are 6–10 mm long, usually separating by anthesis. The corolla is usually bilabiate, white, and fleshy. The tube is narrowly funnelform, curved near the middle, measuring 14–18 mm long and about 5–7 mm in diameter medially, and glabrous. The upper lip is two-lobed, while the lower lip is three-lobed. The upper lobes are broadly elliptic, measuring 6–7 mm long and 5–7 mm wide. The lower lobes are broadly elliptic to elliptic, measuring 7–12 mm long and 5–9 mm wide, and are imbricate in bud. The five stamens are inserted about halfway up the corolla tube, with the two upper stamens fertile, while the others are staminodial with abortive anthers. The fertile anthers are coherent and positioned in the throat of the corolla tube, dithecal, and open by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. The ovary is superior, oblong-ovoid, two-carpellate, and one-celled, with parietal placentation and two placentas that are ± intruded, rarely joined in the center to divide the ovary into two cells. The ovules are numerous, anatropous, and glabrous, with a rounded apex or stylar beak. The style measures 5–9 mm long and is glabrous, while the stigma is capitate and two-lobed, with the lobes usually elliptic. The fruit is a fleshy or firm berry, white in color, ellipsoid in shape, measuring 1.6–2.4 cm long, glabrous, and often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. The seeds are numerous, ellipsoid, minute (0.35–0.5 mm long), and have a reticulate surface. It occurs in very wet, shaded sites in gulches and along streams in mesic valleys, occasionally extending into wet forests between 150-490(–850) meters.

Cyrtandra confertiflora

Family: Gesneriaceae

Hawaiian Name: ha‘iwale, kanawao ke‘oke‘o

 Minimum Length: 0.28 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 0.35 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 0.19 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 0.23 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 0.005 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 0.007 (mg)

 Texture: TBD

Geographic Distribution:

 Kauai

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Endemic
Not Applicable

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.