Description:

Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae is a shrub that reaches 0.6 to 2.5 meters in height. The stems are branched, rounded to angular, and are either pubescent with multicellular hairs or become glabrate over time. The leaves are simple and arranged oppositely on the upper 3 to 9 nodes. Leaf pairs can be subequal or unequal in size, with blades that are elliptic to elliptic–obovate, ranging from (4.5–)11–30 cm long and (1.7–)5–12 cm wide. Leaf apices are acuminate, and the bases are attenuate to cuneate, occasionally subtruncate. The upper surfaces are sparsely to moderately pilose, while the lower surfaces are moderately to densely covered in yellowish-brown velvety hairs, giving them a soft texture. Blades are chartaceous in texture with margins that are serrulate, denticulate, or nearly entire, often slightly revolute. The venation is slightly impressed on the upper surface and raised on the lower surface. Petioles measure (0.8–)3–5(–10) cm in length. Stipules are absent. The flowers are bisexual (perfect) and borne solitarily in the leaf axils. The peduncles are 0–6 mm long, with pedicels 0–5 mm long and inconspicuous lanceolate bracts that are 6–14 mm long. The calyx is 2–5(6)-lobed, slightly zygomorphic or nearly actinomorphic, and tubular–funnelform or urceolate in shape, measuring 14–25 mm in length and cleft approximately ¼(–⅔) of its length. Both calyx surfaces are densely covered in shaggy, villous hairs, and the lobes are linear–subulate to narrowly deltate, measuring approximately 3–10 mm in length. These calyx lobes may be persistent or deciduous in fruit. The corolla is typically bilabiate and white, with a cylindrical tube that is straight or curved, measuring 14–20 mm in length and approximately 4–5 mm in diameter, and also densely covered with shaggy villous hairs. The upper lip has two lanceolate lobes (3.5–5 mm long, 1.5–3 mm wide), while the lower lip has three lobes (4–5 mm long, ~2–2.5 mm wide), either lanceolate or ovate. Of the five stamens, only the two upper ones are fertile, while the remaining three are staminodial and often have abortive anthers. Fertile anthers are coherent and situated in the corolla throat, dithecal, and dehisce by longitudinal slits or sometimes apical pores. The ovary is superior, glabrous, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, but 1-celled due to parietal placentation with two ± intruded placentas that may rarely fuse centrally. Ovules are numerous and anatropous. The style is about 3 mm long and glabrous, with a capitate, 2-lobed stigma, whose lobes are typically elliptic. The fruit is a fleshy or firm, broadly ovoid–ellipsoid berry, 1–2 cm long, puberulent, and enclosed by a persistent calyx that splits open at maturity. Seeds are numerous, minute (<1 mm), ellipsoid, and have a reticulate surface. It is found in scattered populations in mesic valleys and diverse mesic forests between 275-450 meters.

Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae

Family: Gesneriaceae

Hawaiian Name: ha‘iwale, kanawao ke‘oke‘o

 Minimum Length: 0.35 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 0.42 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 0.15 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 0.20 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 0.003 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 0.010 (mg)

 Texture: TBD

Geographic Distribution:

 Kauai

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Endemic
Not Applicable

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.