Description:

Cyrtandra menziesii is a shrub reaching heights of (1–)2–5 meters, typically with many-branched stems that are rounded to angular and either pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate. The leaves are simple and arranged oppositely or in whorls of (3)4 per node on the upper 3–11 nodes. Leaf pairs are usually subequal and symmetrical or nearly so, with blades that are elliptic to oblanceolate, occasionally broadly elliptic, measuring (7–)10–27 cm in length and (2.3–)3–7(–8.7) cm in width. The leaf apex is acuminate to caudate, and the base is attenuate. Upper surfaces are sparsely appressed hirtellous, while lower surfaces range from glabrous to sparsely puberulent along the principal veins, sometimes more broadly puberulent. The leaf texture is firm–chartaceous, with coarsely serrate or rarely serrulate margins. Petioles are 1–7.7 cm long, puberulent to occasionally brown-pilose with appressed to spreading hairs, and sometimes clasp the stem or are perfoliate. Stipules are absent. The flowers are bisexual (perfect) and borne in relatively congested umbelliform cymes of (2–)5–10 flowers arising from the leaf axils or nodes just below the leaves. Inflorescences are sparse to moderately puberulent, occasionally short–pilose with dark brown hairs that are appressed to spreading. Peduncles are relatively stout and measure 5–20(–28) mm long, while pedicels are slender at the base and enlarge above, measuring 10–22 mm long and extending to 20–30 mm in fruit. Bracts are linear–elliptic to linear–oblanceolate, 7–10 mm long, and may be distinct or occasionally connate. The calyx is nearly actinomorphic (radially symmetric), green, and 7–15 mm long, cleft nearly to the base into 2–5 (6) lobes that are linear and glabrate to moderately puberulent or short–pilose externally, and glabrous internally. Calyx lobes are deciduous or persistent in fruit. The corolla is usually bilabiate and white, with a subcylindrical tube measuring 9–12 mm in length and approximately 4 mm in diameter. The tube may be straight or curved and is pilose, especially in bud. The upper lip consists of two broadly ovate to suborbicular lobes approximately 4 mm long and 4.5 mm wide, while the lower lip has three suborbicular lobes about 4.5–4.8 mm long and 5 mm wide. The five stamens are inserted about halfway up the corolla tube; only the two upper stamens are fertile, while the others are staminodial with abortive anthers. Fertile anthers are coherent and positioned in the throat of the corolla tube, are dithecal, and open by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. The ovary is superior, oblong–ovoid, and 2-carpellate but functionally 1-celled due to parietal placentation with two ± intruded placentas that are rarely joined to divide the ovary. Ovules are numerous, anatropous, and glabrous, with a rounded apex or a stylar beak. The style is 1–3 mm long and either glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, and the stigma is capitate and 2-lobed, with elliptic lobes. The fruit is a fleshy or firm white berry, subglobose in shape, 1.3–1.6 cm long, and typically tipped by a persistent stylar beak. Seeds are numerous, ellipsoid, and minute (~0.5 mm long), with a reticulate surface. It is found in mesic to wet forests between 530-1,250 meters.

Cyrtandra menziesii

Family: Gesneriaceae

Hawaiian Name: ha‘iwale, kanawao ke‘oke‘o

 Minimum Length: 0.50 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 0.60 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 0.20 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 0.25 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 0.010 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 0.020 (mg)

 Texture: TBD

Geographic Distribution:

 Hawaii Island
Species Of Concern

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Endemic
N/A

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.