Description:

Hibiscus kokio subsp. kokio is a shrub to small tree ranging from 1 to 7 meters in height, characterized by stiff pubescence on the distal parts of the stems, with hairs that are sessile, bifurcate to stellate. The leaves are simple and alternate, with elliptic to oblong-elliptic, ovate, or sometimes obovate blades measuring 3 to 21 cm in length and 1.5 to 11 cm in width, presenting a glossy green and subcoriaceous texture. These leaves are un-lobed, with an acute to acuminate apex and a broadly cuneate to obtuse base, featuring crenate to serrate margins, occasionally entire, and are glabrous to moderately pubescent, especially on the lower surfaces. It has solitary flowers near the ends of branches, with pedicels 1 to 4 cm long, supported by 6 to 8 involucral bracts. The calyx is yellowish, smooth, and tubular, with deltate lobes, and the corolla is red, linear-oblong to long-obovate, ranging from 4.5 to 8 cm in length, usually with a densely pubescent lower surface. The stamens form a monadelphous column, exserted, red to orange in color, with monothecal anthers. The fruit is a loculicidally-dehiscent capsule, pale brown, obovoid, 1.6–1.8 cm long; obscurely pubescent; exocarp and endocarp sometimes separate at maturity. The seeds are dark brown, angular-reniform, 3-4.5 mm long, sparsely pubescent, with or without endosperm. It occurs in scattered populations from dry to wet forests between 70-1,100 meters.

Hibiscus kokio subsp. kokio

Family: Malvaceae

Hawaiian Name: koki‘o, koki‘o ‘ula‘ula, mākū

 Minimum Length: 3.87 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 4.30 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 3.08 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 3.42 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 6.10 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 17.73 (mg)

 Texture: TBD

Geographic Distribution:

 Hawaii Island, Kauai, Maui, Molokai, Oahu
Species Of Concern

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Endemic

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.