Description:

Isodendrion laurifolium has branches that ascend and remain leafy for about 10–30 cm below the apex, with a glabrous surface. The leaves are simple and alternate, with oblong-elliptic, narrowly elliptic oblanceolate, or rarely elliptic blades measuring 4–16 cm long and 1.5–5 cm wide. The leaf apex is obtuse to rounded, and the base is broadly cuneate to rounded, tapering gradually towards the base. The blades are subcoriaceous with usually undulate margins that are remotely serrate, serrulate, or serrulate-crenulate and range from minutely ciliolate to glabrous. The veins are conspicuously reticulate, raised on both surfaces and glabrous. The petioles are short, 0.1–0.5 cm long, and glabrous. Stipules are slightly asymmetrical, linear-delicate to narrowly deltate, 2–4 mm long, with a raised glabrous midrib, and become pale, dry, and membranous towards the margins. The flowers are solitary with 1–2 mm long, glabrous peduncles. They are fragrant, bisexual, axillary, and on short pedicels. The pedicels are 1–2 mm long, glabrous, with bracts measuring 1.2–1.5 mm long. The calyx consists of 5 narrowly deltate sepals, 2–3.5 mm long, becoming membranous towards the margins, either glabrous or minutely ciliolate. The corolla has 5 petals: purple with greenish-white margins externally, dusty purple on the inner face, with various sizes in the upper, lateral, and lower petals. The stamens are 5 and subequal, with filaments about 0.8–1.7 mm long and anthers around 0.8–1.1 mm long. The superior ovary is 3-carpellate and 1-celled, with anatropous ovules and a single filiform, sigmoid style with an enlarged, excavated apex. The fruit is a green, lanceoloid capsule, measuring 9–10 mm long, deeply 3-lobed, and tipped with the persistent style. Seeds are pale yellow, obovoid, approximately 2.5 mm long and 2 mm in diameter, with fleshy, oily endosperm. It is found in diverse mesic forests, often on rocky slopes or cliffs at elevations around 376-1,163 m.

Isodendrion laurifolium

Family: Violaceae

Hawaiian Name: aupaka

 Minimum Length: 2.45 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 2.63 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 1.94 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 2.16 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 2.32 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 3.94 (mg)

 Texture: Reticulate, Glossy

Geographic Distribution:

 Kauai, Oahu

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Endemic

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.