Description:

Kadua cookiana is a small, many-branched shrub with striate stems, typically around 10 to 20 cm long and glabrous. It has simple, opposite leaves. The leaves feature linear blades measuring 4 to 8 centimeters in length and about 0.5 to 1.2 centimeters in width, with chartaceous texture and slightly revolute margins. The veins, other than the midrib, are obscure. The petioles are short, up to 0.5 centimeters, and merge into a sheath. The stipules are reduced to a carinate, linear-subulate mucro measuring 2 to 5 millimeters long and are adnate to the petiole bases. The flowers appear in cymes that can be either hirtellous throughout or glabrous, with pedicels about 8 to 15 millimeters long, the central flower typically having the longest pedicel. The hypanthium is turbinate, approximately 1.5 millimeters long. The flowers are insect-pollinated and generally bisexual (perfect) or possibly pistillate. The calyx is lobed with linear-deltate lobes 4 to 6 millimeters long and 1.5 to 2 millimeters wide, which do not appear to enlarge significantly in fruit. The corolla is white, fleshy, and salverform, with a tube around 8 to 9 millimeters long. The limb is not strongly quadrangular in the bud, with an apex that is depressed and 4-5 lobes that are about 2 millimeters long at anthesis, strongly inflexed in the bud. A nectary disc is present at the base of the ovary. The stamens are as numerous as the corolla lobes, inserted midway up the corolla tube or near the throat, with sessile anthers or short filaments. The anthers are dithecal, opening longitudinally. The ovary is inferior or partly so, 2(-4)-locular with few to numerous ovules on fleshy placentas near the middle of the septum. The style is cylindrical to filiform, terminal, and slender, with a bilobed or subcapitate stigma that is either included or exserted. The fruit is a turbinate-globose capsule, 3 to 3.5 millimeters long and 3.5 to 4 millimeters in diameter. It dehisces loculicidally across the disk and slightly further, with pyrenes dehiscing septicidally. The endocarp is thinly sclerified. Seeds are reddish-brown, cuneiform, somewhat compressed, irregularly angled, and contain well-developed oily endosperm, although the endosperm is occasionally scanty or absent. It inhabits lowland regions between 119 – 553 meters.

Kadua cookiana

Family: Rubiaceae

Hawaiian Name: ‘āwiwi, ‘uiwi

 Minimum Length: 0.53 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 0.59 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 0.36 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 0.43 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 0.37 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 0.50 (mg)

 Texture: TBD

Geographic Distribution:

 Kauai

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Endemic

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.