Description:

Kadua flynnii is a compact, many-branched shrub that grows (20–)30–75(–100) centimeters tall. The stems are glabrous, with young stems being 4-costate and older stems 2-costate, with bark that weakly exfoliates. The leaves are simple and opposite, usually closely spaced and overlapping, gradually reducing in size distally along the stem. The blades are lanceolate to ovate, rarely linear–lanceolate, measuring 2–6 cm long and 0.5–1.5(–2.2) cm wide. The apex is long acuminate to long attenuate, often falcate. The base is cuneate, rounded, or rarely truncate. The blades are coriaceous, with flat to occasionally weakly revolute margins. Lateral veins are present in 2–4 pairs on each side, strongly ascending and prominent on both surfaces. The tertiary venation is prominently reticulate on both surfaces, often with a reddish-purple tinge. The petioles measure 0.2–0.8 cm long, are glabrous, and often exhibit a reddish-purple tinge. The stipules are deltate, glabrous, and aristate, with a stiff awn 1.5–5 mm long, often also tinged reddish-purple. The flowers occur in dense, 7–15-flowered corymbiform inflorescences, subtended by a pair of ovate bracts, with smaller bracts subtending the inflorescence branches and pedicels. The flowers are unisexual, insect-pollinated, dimorphic, and dioecious. The calyx is 4- to 5-lobed, with lobes oblong or ovate to narrowly triangular–subulate, 2–6 × 0.5–2 mm, subequal, rigid, and venose. The corolla is salverform, with valvate lobes that are conspicuously inflexed in bud, and the apex depressed in bud. The tube is greenish-white, rarely with a pink tinge, and 4- to 5-lobed, with pure or greenish-white lobes at anthesis. A nectary disc is present. The corolla tube measures 11–14 mm long and 2–2.5 mm in diameter in staminate flowers, while the lobes are elliptic to oblong–lanceolate, 7.5–8 × 1.5–2 mm. The corolla tube is shorter in pistillate flowers, measuring 7–8 mm long and 1.2–1.5 mm in diameter, with lobes measuring 2.5–4 × 0.8–1.5 mm. The stamens are as many as and alternate with the corolla lobes. In staminate flowers, the stamens are inserted 2–4 mm below the apex of the tube, with anthers measuring 1.8–2.8 mm long and filaments 0.2–0.5 mm long. In pistillate flowers, the stamens are inserted 1–3 mm below the apex of the tube, with anthers 0.8–1.5 mm long and filaments 0.3–0.5 mm long. Pollen does not develop in pistillate flowers. The ovary in pistillate flowers is ⅔ (rarely to ½) inferior. The style measures 6–8 mm long, 0.8–1.1 times the length of the tube, and is woolly-villous in the lower one-third to one-half. The stigma lobes are ovate-elliptic, 1–1.5 mm long, and free. In staminate flowers, ovules are present at anthesis but never develop. The style measures 5–8 mm long, 0.5–0.7 times the length of the tube, and is woolly-villous in the lower one-third to one-half. The stigma lobes are poorly developed and coherent. The fruit consists of subglobose capsules measuring 5–6 mm long and 5–6.5 mm in diameter, dehiscing loculicidally across the disk and later weakly separating septicidally. The calyx lobes are accrescent and erect, with the disk raised, measuring 1.5–2 mm long. The ovary is ⅔ (rarely to ½) inferior. The seeds are irregularly ellipsoid–angulate or subglobose-angulate, measuring approximately 0.6–0.9 mm long, with a dark brown or black papillose seed coat. The endosperm is well-developed and oily, though it is occasionally scanty or absent. It is usually restricted to north- and northeast-facing cliffs and steep, narrow ridge crests and outcrops, though it is less commonly found on steep rocky slopes and the upper portions of basalt cliffs. It generally occurs in windswept areas with small populations of 30 to 50, in relictual lowlands, and in montane-diverse mesic forests and shrublands between 350-1,100 meters.

Kadua flynnii

Family: Rubiaceae

Hawaiian Name: N/A

 Minimum Length: 0.55 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 0.75 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 0.43 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 0.53 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 0.032 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 0.054 (mg)

 Texture: TBD

Geographic Distribution:

 Kauai

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Endemic

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.