Description:

Kadua laxiflora is a subshrub characterized by erect or sometimes ascending stems that are strongly quadrangular or winged, measuring approximately 30–60 cm long and are glabrous. The leaves are simple and opposite, with elliptic to lanceolate blades that range from 6 to 22 cm in length and 1 to 7 cm in width. The leaves are often asymmetrical, with an acuminate to long-acuminate apex and an attenuate base. The surfaces are glabrous, typically paler on the lower surface, and the margins are entire. The lateral veins are few, widely spaced, and slightly raised on the lower surface with obscurely reticulate higher-order venation. Petioles are slightly winged and up to 1.5 cm long, with bases that connate into a sheath. Stipules are deltate, measuring 5–14 mm in length, adnate to the petiole sheath, and terminate in a slender mucro that is 2–11 mm long. The flowers occur in terminal, compound monochasial cymes that form a lax, paniculate inflorescence up to 30 cm long. The branches are lax or pendent, with the ultimate branches bearing small, scale-like bracts. The pedicels are quadrangular and approximately 3–4 mm long. The hypanthium is turbinate, measuring 1-1.5 mm long. These flowers are bisexual (perfect) and sometimes functionally pistillate, pollinated by insects. The calyx has 4-5 lobes that are narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 1.5–5 mm long, and widen somewhat in fruit. The corolla is greenish-white, fleshy, salverform, and glaucous with a 5–14 mm long tube. The lobes of the corolla are about 1–4 mm long at anthesis, flat, and strongly inflexed in the bud. A nectary disc is present. The fruit is a turbinate to subglobose capsule, 2–3 mm long and 3–4 mm in diameter, that dehisces loculicidally across the disk and slightly further septicidally. The seeds are dark brown, more or less cuneiform, irregularly bluntly angled, and minutely dark granular. They contain a well-developed oily endosperm, though the endosperm is occasionally scanty or absent. It typically grows scattered in mesic forests and potentially in wet forests.

Kadua laxiflora

Family: Rubiaceae

Hawaiian Name: pilo, manono

 Minimum Length: 0.66 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 0.89 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 0.46 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 0.58 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 0.023 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 0.061 (mg)

 Texture: TBD

Geographic Distribution:

 Lanai, Maui, Molokai

PEPP Status:

PEPP

Native Status:

Endemic

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.