


Kadua munroi is a compact shrub or small tree, growing between 1.5 and 2.5 meters tall, adapted to the harsh conditions of windswept ridges and upper slopes in wet forests. The leaves are simple and opposite, with oblong-elliptic to elliptic blades, occasionally showing elliptic–ovate or elliptic obovate shapes, measuring 3 to 10.5 cm in length and 2 to 5 cm in width. These leaves are firmly to moderately concave with an obtuse or rounded apex that ends in a short–cuspidate tip and a rounded to weakly subcordate base. They feature a coriaceous texture, glabrous upper surfaces, and lower surfaces that are moderate to sparsely short hirtellous, typically along the principal veins. The margins are entire and revolute. The lateral veins of the leaves are firm to moderately impressed and arcuate, with the higher-order venation ranging from relatively inconspicuous to conspicuous. The petioles are short, ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 cm, and the stipules are present, measuring 3–5 mm long and adnate to the petioles only at the base. The flowers are found in terminal, congested paniculate inflorescences measuring 1.3–5 cm long, with a hispidulous peduncle and secondary branches. Pedicels range from 0.8 to 3 mm in length and are usually glabrous. The flowers are bisexual and insect-pollinated, featuring a green corolla with a sometimes purple tube. The corolla is fleshy and salverform, measuring 4.3 to 11 mm long, with a weakly quadrangular limb and linear lobes, each ending in a fleshy appendage. The calyx is 4-5-lobed with deltate lobes. There are as many stamens as the corolla lobes, and they are inserted midway or near the throat of the corolla tube. The anthers are dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. The ovary is inferior or partly so, 2(-4)-locular with few to numerous ovules on fleshy placentas. The style is cylindrical to filiform and terminal, with a bilobed or subcapitate stigma that is either included or exserted. The fruit is drupaceous, dark blue to purplish-black, and 4–7 mm in diameter, with persistently spreading calyx lobes. It is found in the Ko‘olau Mountains on O‘ahu and Lāna‘ihale on Lāna‘i between 610 – 1000 meters.
Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.
Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.
Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.
Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.
Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.
Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.
Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.
Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.
Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.
Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.
Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.
Globose: Spherical.
Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.
Ovoid: Egg-shaped.
Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.
Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.
Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.
Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.
Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.
Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.
Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.
Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.
Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.
Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.
Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.