Description:

Kadua parvula is a small, erect to, sprawling, glabrous, many-branched shrub. The stems are 4-angled or 4-costate, measuring 1–3(–4) decimeters long. The leaves are simple and opposite, usually closely spaced and overlapping, and do not become reduced above. The blades are lanceolate to ovate-cordate, 1–4 cm long, and 0.7–2.3 cm wide, with glabrous, coriaceous surfaces. The margins are entire and slightly revolute, with lateral veins strongly ascending. The petioles are 0–0.2 cm long. The stipules are deltate, strongly carinate, 2–3 mm long, with a mucronate apex. The flowers are in narrow corymbose inflorescences, sometimes appearing as one larger inflorescence due to several contiguous branches with 2–8 mm long pedicels. The inflorescences are subtended by a pair of cordate bracts 0.6–1.5 cm long. The hypanthium is turbinate to cup-shaped, 1–1.5 mm long. Flowers are bisexual (perfect) or pistillate, with a calyx that is 4-5-lobed, lobes weakly foliaceous, bluntly ovate, 1–4 mm long, and 1–2 mm wide, often variable in size on a single plant, enlarging to 4.5–5.5 mm long in fruit. The corolla is 4-5-lobed, white, tinged purplish pink toward the tips, fleshy, and salverform-funnelform, with a tube 8–11 mm long and a limb not quadrangular in bud but with a depressed apex, the lobes are 5–6 mm long and inflexed. A nectary disc is present. Stamens are as many as and alternate with the corolla lobes, sessile, attached slightly below the corolla throat; anthers are sessile or on short filaments, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. The ovary is inferior or partly so, 2(-4)-locular, with few to numerous ovules on fleshy placentas near the middle of the septum. The style is as many as carpels, cylindrical to filiform, enlarged in the upper part, woolly pubescent near the middle with long and crinkly hairs, slightly 2-lobed, and terminal; the stigma is bilobed or subcapitate, included or exserted. The fruit is a subglobose capsule, ca. 3.3–4 mm long and ca. 3.5–4 mm in diameter, dehiscing loculicidally across the disk and later ca. ½ to the base, with pyrenes separating septicidally. The endocarp is moderately sclerified, and the disk is slightly raised. The seeds are dull brown, subpeltate, bluntly angled, and darkly granulate under high magnification, with well-developed oily endosperm, though occasionally, the endosperm is scanty or absent. It is found on cliff faces, rock outcrops, and ledges between 715 – 825 meters.

Kadua parvula

Family: Rubiaceae

Hawaiian Name: N/A

 Minimum Length: 0.59 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 0.77 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 0.41 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 0.58 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 0.020 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 0.046 (mg)

 Texture: TBD

Geographic Distribution:

 Oahu

PEPP Status:

PEPP

Native Status:

Endemic
Not Applicable

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.