Description:

Geniostoma tinifolium var. tinifolium is a shrub or small tree 1.2-15 m tall; stems dichotomously branched, young branches terete or nearly so, glabrous. The leaves are medium green, membranous, elliptic (oval shaped) to elliptic-oblanceolate (inversely lance shape), sometimes narrowly elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or lanceolate (lance-shaped) at 3.8-21 cm long, 1.4-7.3 cm wide. The veins are not impressed on upper surface, glabrous, margins entire, apex abruptly acuminate to acute, base narrowly to sometimes broadly cuneate (wedge-shaped), ± asymmetrical, petioles 0.6-4 cm long, stipules completely connate, forming a truncate (ending very abruptly as if cut straight across) sheath 1-4 mm long, sometimes splitting somewhat with age, slightly adnate to base of petioles, margins sometimes ciliolate. There are 3-19 flowers in pendulous, open, paniculate cymes, fragrance semen-like, glabrous throughout, peduncles weakly recurved at 9-22 mm long, elongating to 13-35 mm long in fruit. They are bisexual or functionally unisexual and actinomorphic (radially symmetric), featuring a calyx with 5-merous lobes that are connate up to half their length and a pale yellowish-green or greenish-yellow, narrowly urceolate corolla 6.5 to 19 mm long. The stamens are 5, alternipetalous, attached to the mouth of the corolla, and exserted, with glabrous or hairy filaments. The ovary is superior or partly inferior, 2– or 3-locular, with numerous amphitropous ovules and a clavate to globular stigma. Capsules broadly ovoid to subglobose-ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 8-25 mm long, 2-3-valved, valves transversely wrinkled, not keeled, apex with a beak 0.5-1.5 mm long. The seeds ± winged at both ends or all around; embedded in juicy orange to red pulp; numerous; obovate; intruded on the hilar side; brown; ca. 1.8 mm long; endosperm thick; fleshy; oily; proteinaceous; with saccharose or hemicellulose; embryo small; straight. It is found in mesic to wet forests between 300-920 meters.

Geniostoma tinifolium var. tinifolium

Family: Loganiaceae

Hawaiian Name: kāmakahala

 Minimum Length: 1.79 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 1.89 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 1.10 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 1.24 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 0.92 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 1.31 (mg)

 Texture: Reticulate

Geographic Distribution:

 Hawaii Island, Kauai, Maui, Molokai, Oahu

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Endemic
Intermediate

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.