


Geniostoma tinifolium var. wahiawaense is a shrub or small tree reaching heights of (1.2–)2–8(–15) meters. The stems are dichotomously branched, young branches are terete (cylindrical) or nearly so, and glabrous. The leaves are simple, opposite, with blades that are elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, sometimes narrowly elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or lanceolate, measuring (3.8–)4.5–21 cm long and (1.4–)2–5(–7.3) cm wide. The leaf apex is abruptly acuminate to acute, and the base is narrow to sometimes broadly cuneate, ± asymmetrical. The surfaces are glabrous, medium green, and membranous, with flat margins. The veins are not impressed on the upper surface. The petioles are 0.6–2.2(–4) cm long, and the stipules are interpetiolar, sometimes intrapetiolar, completely connate, forming a truncate sheath 1–4 mm long, occasionally splitting with age, slightly adnate to the base of the petioles, and the margins are sometimes ciliolate. The flowers are in terminal inflorescences, with (3–)9–12(–19) flowers in pendulous, open, paniculate cymes. They have a semen-like fragrance and are glabrous throughout. The peduncles are weakly recurved, 9–22 mm long, elongating to 13–25(–35) mm long in fruit. The pedicels are 8–11 mm long, elongating up to 23 mm long in fruit, and the bracts and bracteoles are subulate, 0.7–1.6 mm long. The flowers are bisexual (perfect) or functionally unisexual, actinomorphic (radially symmetric). The calyx is 5-merous, with lobes connate slightly to about ½ their length, imbricate, ovate-deltate, 1.5–3 mm long, and 0.7–1.6 mm wide. The inner surface of the calyx often has colleters at the base, and the margins are hyaline and ± ciliolate. The corolla is 5-merous, pale or greenish-yellow, narrowly urceolate, 17–19 mm long, with a 5.5–7.8 mm long, sparsely white pilose tube. The lobes are imbricate or contorted in bud, ovate-deltate or ovate, 1.7–2.3 mm long, with a short-acuminate to rounded apex. The stamens are 5, alternipetalous, attached to the mouth of the corolla, exserted, usually recurved after anthesis, glabrous or hairy, with primarily short filaments. The anthers are 2-celled, introrse, with the connective often extended to form an apical appendage, opening by longitudinal slits. The ovary is superior or partly inferior, glabrate, 2- or 3-locular, sometimes with imperfect partitions in the upper part of the ovary. The ovules are numerous and amphitropous, with axile placentation. The style is terminal and mostly short, with a clavate stigma, ellipsoid to globular, sometimes ± oblong, about as large as the ovary. The fruit is a capsule that is broadly ovoid to subglobose-ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, measuring 8–17 mm long, 2(3)-valved, septicidal to sub-septifragal, with valves that are transversely wrinkled and not keeled. The apex has a beak 0.5–1.5 mm long, maturing to green, with or without a black-purple tinge, and usually becoming brown-black when over-mature. The seeds are ± winged at both ends or all around, embedded in juicy orange to red pulp, numerous, ellipsoid to subglobular, intruded on the hilar side, with a surface that is mostly minutely papillose to areolate, brown, about 3 mm long. The endosperm is thick, fleshy, oily, and proteinaceous, with saccharose or hemicellulose, and the embryo is small and straight. It is found in wet forests between 300-920 meters.
Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.
Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.
Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.
Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.
Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.
Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.
Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.
Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.
Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.
Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.
Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.
Globose: Spherical.
Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.
Ovoid: Egg-shaped.
Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.
Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.
Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.
Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.
Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.
Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.
Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.
Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.
Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.
Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.
Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.