Description:

Mucuna gigantea subsp. gigantea is a large, woody liana. The stems are high-climbing or sprawling, ranging from 8–15(–80) meters long. The leaves are compound and alternate. The leaflets are broadly elliptic or ovate, measuring 4–13 cm long and 2.5–7.5 cm wide, with the lateral leaflets being asymmetrical. The surfaces are glabrous or glabrate, and the leaflet margins are entire. Leaves are petiolate, with caducous stipules, and the leaflets have stipels. The flowers are arranged in short, corymbose pseudoracemes, which are pendulous on long peduncles. Bracts and bracteoles are fugacious, with bracts up to 7 mm long and bracteoles up to 14 mm long. The flowers are papilionaceous (pea-like) with a campanulate (bell-shaped) bilabiate calyx. The calyx lobes are deltate, 2–4 mm long. The corolla is yellowish green, 3–4.5 cm long, and showy, with the standard petal being shorter than the other petals. The wings are incurved and stiffened at the apex, while the keel is angularly curved upward. There are 10 stamens; the upper stamen is distinct, while the other 9 are connate into a tube. The anthers are dimorphic, with 5 larger, subbasifixed anthers alternating with 5 shorter ones. The ovary is superior, with few ovules, and the style is apical, filiform, and glabrous apically. The stigma is small and terminal. The pods (fruit) are compressed, measuring (7–)10–15 cm long and 3–5(–6) cm wide. They are covered with stiff, irritating, orangish-brown hairs but quickly become glabrate. The faces of the pods are pitted and reticulate, without transverse lamellae. The seeds are brown, brown mottled with black, or rarely entirely black. They are discoid, 2–3 cm long, and 1.8–2.5 cm wide, with the hilum extending over ¾ to 5/6 of the circumference. It sprawls over rocks, shrubs, and trees, usually near the ocean or streams between 0–310 meters.

Mucuna gigantea subsp. gigantea

Family: Fabaceae

Hawaiian Name: kā‘e‘e, kā‘e‘e‘e

 Minimum Length: 23.95 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 25.03 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 21.85 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 24.41 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 3129.06 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 4444.44 (mg)

 Texture: TBD

Geographic Distribution:

 Hawaii Island, Kauai, Maui, Molokai, Oahu

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Indigenous

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.