Neraudia melastomifolia occurs as shrubs or small trees that can reach heights up to 4(–6) m. The branches feature a sparse to dense covering of fine pilose hairs, either erect or appressed. The leaves are simple and alternate, with blades that are elliptic, elliptic-ovate to ovate, or lanceolate, measuring 5–24 cm in length and 1.5–7 cm in width. These leaves have an attenuate, acute to long-acuminate apex and a cuneate to broadly cuneate or subcordate base. The upper surfaces can range from glabrous to sparsely finely pubescent, while the lower surfaces may be glabrous or sparsely appressed pubescent along the veins. The leaves are thin to thick and coriaceous, with disciform cystoliths (outgrowths of the epidermal cell wall) and entire margins, and are palmately 3-veined from the base. The petioles, ranging from 1–5.5 cm in length, can be glabrous or bear-appressed to erect hairs. The flowers are in axillary clusters, with staminate flowers on pedicels 0–2 mm long and pistillate flowers on similar pedicels. The unisexual flowers, indicative of the plant’s dioecious nature, are actinomorphic (radially symmetric). The calyx of staminate flowers is pubescent, and the pistillate calyx lobes are connate into a perigynium (sac that surrounds the achene), sparsely pubescent with long ascending or appressed hairs. The species lacks corolla petals. Staminate flowers have staminal filaments that are folded elastically in the bud and reflexed when pollen is shed, while the anthers are reniform and dithecal. The ovary in pistillate flowers is superior, pseudomonomerous (one fertile carpel and more or less prominent traces of sterile carpel(s)), and 1-celled, with a single basal ovule, style, and a 2–8 mm long stigma. The fruit is a 1–3.5 mm long achene, with an apical portion sharply conical and sometimes separated from the basal portion by a weak constriction, containing one ellipsoid to ovoid seed per achene. It typically inhabits mesic and diverse mesic forest environments between 270–1,160 meters.