Description:

Rubus macraei is a shrub with shedding bark. Its stems are prostrate or decumbent, sometimes rooting at the nodes, and are sparsely covered with slender prickles up to 3 mm long. The stems are also densely tomentose, with glandular hairs on younger parts. Both primocanes and floricanes are present, similar in form, somewhat thick, and coriaceous when dry. The leaves are palmately compound, alternate, with broadly ovate to suborbicular or rhombic–suborbicular blades measuring 5.1–8.5(–11) cm long and 3–6(–9) cm wide. Each leaf consists of three leaflets, with the terminal leaflet being the largest and the lateral ones slightly asymmetrical. The upper surfaces are uniformly sparsely pilose, occasionally with hairs more concentrated on or between the impressed veins, while the lower surfaces are usually densely velvety tomentose, though sometimes tomentose only along the raised veins. The margins are irregularly and usually coarsely serrate and often somewhat lobed. The leaves are petiolate, with petiolules 0.4–3 cm long and petioles 1.5–3.5(–7) cm long, moderately to densely tomentose, and sometimes bearing scattered small prickles. The stipules are narrowly oblong to linear–lanceolate and measure 0.8–1.5 cm long. The flowers are arranged in corymbose inflorescences, with 1–8 flowers per cluster. Each flower is bisexual, with pedicels 8–55 mm long that are densely tomentose and usually covered with slender prickles. The calyx consists of five persistent ovate sepals, 10–16 mm long, with both surfaces densely tomentose and the apex acuminate to caudate. The corolla consists of five dark pink to dusky rose obovate petals, each 13–16 mm long. Numerous stamens surround the superior ovary, containing numerous carpels on the raised receptacle. Each carpel is one-celled, with two ovules per cell and a filiform, subterminal, persistent style. The fruit is a juicy, dark red to dark purple ovoid drupe, measuring approximately 2.54 cm long and densely pubescent. Each drupelet contains a single seed. It is found on steep rocky slopes, open rocky areas in wet forests, the margins of bogs, and in sheltered thickets within pastures or subalpine shrubland between 1,610-2,080 meters.

Rubus macraei

Family: Rosaceae

Hawaiian Name: ‘ākala, ‘ākalakala

 Minimum Length: 3.90 (mm)

 Maximum Length: 4.00 (mm)

 Minimum Width: 2.50 (mm)

 Maximum Width: 2.70 (mm)

 Minimum Mass: 7.00 (mg)

 Maximum Mass: 8.90 (mg)

 Texture: TBD

Geographic Distribution:

 Hawaii Island, Maui

PEPP Status:

Not Applicable

Native Status:

Endemic

2D Seed Shapes

Bean-shaped (Reniform): Resembling the shape of a kidney or bean.

Square or Oblong: Angular shape with all sides more or less equal or longer than wide.

Triangular: Three-sided shape, broadest below the middle.

Elliptic: Rounded at both ends. shaped like an ellipse or oval.

Ovate or Obovate: egg-shaped, broader at one end.

Linear: Extremely long and narrow, with sides usually parallel.

Round: Appears circular, with length and width roughly the same.

Cardioid (Heart-Shaped): One edge has a prominent double curve into two lobes.

3D Seed Shapes

Cylindrical: A cylinder with parallel sides and a circular cross-section.

Discoid: Resembling a disc or plate with two relatively flat surfaces.

Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends.

Globose: Spherical.

Lenticular: Resembling a lens with two convex surfaces.

Ovoid: Egg-shaped.

Plano-convex: Having a flat ventral (planar) surface and a curved dorsal (convex) surface.

Polygonal: Having more than three flat faces meeting at angles.

Sectoroid: Resembling a segment of an orange with two relatively flat faces and one curved face.

Subglobose/ellipsoid: Inflated shape but less than spherical.

Trigonous: Having three faces that meet at a distinct angle; triangular in cross-section.

Federal Status

Endangered species (E) are species that are so rare they’re in danger of becoming extinct.

Threatened species (T) are species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Species of Concern (SOC) are species about which there are some concerns regarding status and threats, but insufficient information is available to list the species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Plant Extinction Prevention (PEP) is a state status for rare plants that focuses its efforts on species that have fewer than 50 remaining wild individuals.

Storage Behavior

Orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant): can be dried to an internal seed moisture of less than 12% water and stored at freezing temperatures.

Intermediate seeds (temperature-sensitive) tend to age faster than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5-year lifespan when stored at -20°C. They are recommended for storage at 5°C.

Recalcitrant seeds (desiccation-sensitive): cannot be stored in a conventional freezer as they cannot survive after drying and/or freezing at -20°C. They are recommended for cryopreservation storage.